Science, and technology
The distinction between science, and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability and safety.
Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering — although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference.
Cultural values
Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important; that is, valuable. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes are more highly honored than college professors, in part because the society values physical activity and competitiveness more than mental activity and education. Surveys show that voters in the United States would be reluctant to elect an atheist as a president, suggesting that belief in God is a value.
Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more general and abstract than norms. Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or bad. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors at a funeral. They reflect the values of respect and support of friends and family.
Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in the culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple subcultures they belong to.
If a group member expresses a value that is in serious conflict with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of its members. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that have been established as law.
citizen right
. Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a
reasonable time by the institutions and bodies of the Union.
. This right includes:
· the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken;
· the right of every person to have access to his or her file, while respecting the legitimate interests of confidentiality and of professional and business secrecy;
· the obligation of the administration to give reasons for its decisions.
. Every person has the right to have the Community make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their duties, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States.
. Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language
Human rights
The concept of human rights has existed under several names in European thought for many centuries at least since the time of king john of England.
The political and religious tradition in order parts of the word also proclaimed what have come to be called human rights calling on rules to rule justly and compassionately and delineating limits on their citizens.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe several philosophers proposed the concept of rights belonging to person by natural and because ha was a human being not by virtue of his citizenship in a particular religion or race or ethnic group.
In the late 1700, two revolutions occurred which drew heavily on this concept in 1776, most of the British colonies in North America proclaimed their independence from the British Empire in document, which still stirs feeling and debate
The distinction between science, and technology is not always clear. Science is the reasoned investigation or study of phenomena, aimed at discovering enduring principles among elements of the phenomenal world by employing formal techniques such as the scientific method. Technologies are not usually exclusively products of science, because they have to satisfy requirements such as utility, usability and safety.
Technology is often a consequence of science and engineering — although technology as a human activity precedes the two fields. For example, science might study the flow of electrons in electrical conductors, by using already-existing tools and knowledge. This new-found knowledge may then be used by engineers to create new tools and machines, such as semiconductors, computers, and other forms of advanced technology. In this sense, scientists and engineers may both be considered technologists; the three fields are often considered as one for the purposes of research and reference.
Cultural values
Groups, societies, or cultures have values that are largely shared by their members. The values identify those objects, conditions or characteristics that members of the society consider important; that is, valuable. In the United States, for example, values might include material comfort, wealth, competition, individualism or religiosity. The values of a society can often be identified by noting which people receive honor or respect. In the US, for example, professional athletes are more highly honored than college professors, in part because the society values physical activity and competitiveness more than mental activity and education. Surveys show that voters in the United States would be reluctant to elect an atheist as a president, suggesting that belief in God is a value.
Values are related to the norms of a culture, but they are more general and abstract than norms. Norms are rules for behavior in specific situations, while values identify what should be judged as good or bad. Flying the national flag on a holiday is a norm, but it reflects the value of patriotism. Wearing dark clothing and appearing solemn are normative behaviors at a funeral. They reflect the values of respect and support of friends and family.
Members take part in a culture even if each member's personal values do not entirely agree with some of the normative values sanctioned in the culture. This reflects an individual's ability to synthesize and extract aspects valuable to them from the multiple subcultures they belong to.
If a group member expresses a value that is in serious conflict with the group's norms, the group's authority may carry out various ways of encouraging conformity or stigmatizing the non-conforming behavior of its members. For example, imprisonment can result from conflict with social norms that have been established as law.
citizen right
. Every person has the right to have his or her affairs handled impartially, fairly and within a
reasonable time by the institutions and bodies of the Union.
. This right includes:
· the right of every person to be heard, before any individual measure which would affect him or her adversely is taken;
· the right of every person to have access to his or her file, while respecting the legitimate interests of confidentiality and of professional and business secrecy;
· the obligation of the administration to give reasons for its decisions.
. Every person has the right to have the Community make good any damage caused by its institutions or by its servants in the performance of their duties, in accordance with the general principles common to the laws of the Member States.
. Every person may write to the institutions of the Union in one of the languages of the Treaties and must have an answer in the same language
Human rights
The concept of human rights has existed under several names in European thought for many centuries at least since the time of king john of England.
The political and religious tradition in order parts of the word also proclaimed what have come to be called human rights calling on rules to rule justly and compassionately and delineating limits on their citizens.
In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Europe several philosophers proposed the concept of rights belonging to person by natural and because ha was a human being not by virtue of his citizenship in a particular religion or race or ethnic group.
In the late 1700, two revolutions occurred which drew heavily on this concept in 1776, most of the British colonies in North America proclaimed their independence from the British Empire in document, which still stirs feeling and debate